Urban renewal has been going on forever, some cities reinvented themselves like
Haussmann’s renovation of Paris, Washington DC was planned incorporating existing urban fabric by L'Enfant while some were built from nothing like Brasília by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer.
Urban renewal now tends to be planned and executed in sections, areas that mighty have outlived their usefulness are converted to new uses or different aspirations redirects a city’s goals to new zones.